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 HA16114P/PJ/FP/FPJ, HA16120FP/FPJ
Switching Regulator for Chopper Type DC/DC Converter
Description
The HA16114P/FP/FPJ and HA16120FP/FPJ are single-channel PWM switching regulator controller ICs suitable for chopper-type DC/DC converters. Integrated totem-pole output circuits enable these ICs to drive the gate of a power MOSFET directly. The output logic of the HA16120 is designed to control a DC/DC step-up (boost) converter using an N-channel power MOS FET. The output logic of the HA16114 is designed to control a DC/DC step-down (buck) converter or inverting converter using a P-channel power MOS FET. These ICs can operate synchronously with external pulse, a feature that makes them ideal for power supplies that use a primary-control AC/DC converter to convert commercial AC power to DC, then use one or more DC/DC converters on the secondary side to obtain multiple DC outputs. Synchronization is with the falling edge of the `sync' pulse, which can be the secondary output pulse from a flyback transformer. Synchronization eliminates the beat interference that can arise from different operating frequencies of the AC/DC and DC/DC converters, and reduces harmonic noise. Synchronization with an AC/DC converter using a forward transformer is also possible, by inverting the `sync' pulse. Overcurrent protection features include a pulse-by-pulse current limiter that can reduce the width of individual PWM pulses, and an intermittent operating mode controlled by an on-off timer. Unlike the conventional latched shutdown function, the intermittent operating function turns the IC on and off at controlled intervals when pulse-by-pulse current limiting continues for a programmable time. This results in sharp vertical settling characteristics. Output recovers automatically when the overcurrent condition subsides. Using these ICs, a compact, highly efficient DC/DC converter can be designed easily, with a reduced number of external components.
Functions
* * * * * * 2.5 V voltage reference Sawtooth oscillator (Triangle wave) Overcurrent detection External synchronous input Totem-pole output Undervoltage lockout (UVL)
HA16114P/PJ/FP/FPJ, HA16120FP/FPJ
* Error amplifier * Vref overvoltage protection (OVP)
Features
* Wide supply voltage range: 3.9 V to 40 V* * Maximum operating frequency: 600 kHz * Able to drive a power MOS FET (1 A maximum peak current) by the built-in totem-pole gate predriver circuit * Can operate in synchronization with an external pulse signal, or with another controller IC * Pulse-by-pulse overcurrent limiting (OCL) * Intermittent operation under continuous overcurrent * Low quiescent current drain when shut off by grounding the ON/OFF pin HA16114: IOFF = 10 A (max) HA16120: IOFF = 150 A (max) * Externally trimmable reference voltage (Vref): 0.2 V * Externally adjustable undervoltage lockout points (with respect to VIN) * Stable oscillator frequency * Soft start and quick shut function Note: The reference voltage 2.5 V is under the condition of VIN 4.5 V.
Ordering Information
Hitachi Control ICs for Chopper-Type DC/DC Converters
Product Channels Dual Number HA17451 Channel No. Ch 1 Ch 2 Single HA16114 HA16120 Dual HA16116 -- -- Ch 1 Ch 2 HA16121 Ch 1 Ch 2 Control Functions Step-Up r r -- r -- -- -- r Step-Down r r r -- r r r -- Inverting r r r -- r -- r -- Totem pole power MOS FET driver Pulse-by-pulse current limiter and intermittent operation by on/off timer Output Circuits Open collector Overcurrent Protection SCP with timer (latch)
2
HA16114P/PJ/FP/FPJ, HA16120FP/FPJ
Pin Arrangement
GND*1 SYNC RT CT IN(-) E/O IN(+) P.GND*1
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 (Top view)
16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9
Vref ADJ DB ON/OFF TM CL(-) VIN OUT
Note: 1. Pin 1 (GND) and Pin 8 (P.GND) must be connected each other with external wire.
Pin Description
Pin No. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 Symbol GND SYNC RT CT IN(-) E/O IN(+) P.GND OUT VIN CL(-) TM ON/OFF DB ADJ Vref Function Signal ground External sync signal input (synchronized with falling edge) Oscillator timing resistor connection (bias current control) Oscillator timing capacitor connection (sawtooth voltage output) Inverting input to error amplifier Error amplifier output Non-inverting input to error amplifier Power ground Output (pulse output to gate of power MOS FET) Power supply input Inverting input to current limiter Timer setting for intermittent shutdown when overcurrent is detected (sinks timer transistor current) IC on/off control (off below approximately 0.7 V) Dead-band duty cycle control input Reference voltage (Vref) adjustment input 2.5 V reference voltage output
3
HA16114P/PJ/FP/FPJ, HA16120FP/FPJ
Block Diagram
Vref 16 ADJ 15 DB 14 ON/OFF 13 TM 12 CL(-) 11 VIN 10 OUT 9
ADJ
VIN ON/OFF from UVL UVL H L VL VH OVP Triangle waveform generator
1.6 V 1.0 V
1k 0.3V
-
0.2 V
+
CL Vref
2.5V bandgap reference voltage generator
UVL output
Latch
SQ R
PWM COMP
+ - +
from UVL OUT
VIN
*1 NAND (HA16114)
0.3 V Latch reset pulses 1.1 V RT Bias current 1 GND 2 SYNC 3 RT 4 CT
1k from UVL
+ -
EA
5 IN(-)
6 E/O
7 IN(+)
8 P.GND
Note: 1. The HA16120 has an AND gate.
4
HA16114P/PJ/FP/FPJ, HA16120FP/FPJ
Timing Waveforms
Generation of PWM pulse output from sawtooth wave (during steady-state operation) T= Dead-band voltage (at DB) 1.6 V typ 1 fOSC
Sawtooth wave (at CT ) Error amplifier output (at E/O) 1.0 V typ
HA16114 PWM pulse output (drives gate of P-channel power MOS FET)
VIN
Off On
Off On
Off On
Off On
Off On
0V
HA16120 PWM pulse output (drives gate of N-channel power MOS FET)
VIN
On Off Off
On Off
On Off
On Off
On
0V tON T
Time t Note: On duty =
5
HA16114P/PJ/FP/FPJ, HA16120FP/FPJ
Guide to the Functional Description
The description covers the topics indicated below.
Oscillator 1. frequency (fOSC) control and synchronization
GND*1 SYNC RT CT IN(-)
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 (Top view)
16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9
Vref ADJ DB ON/OFF TM CL(-) VIN OUT
Vref adjustment, undervoltage 5. lockout, and overcurrent protection
DC/DC output 2. voltage setting and error amplifier usage
6. ON/OFF pin usage
3.
Dead-band and soft-start settings
E/O IN(+)
Intermittent 7. mode timing during overcurrent
Output stage and 4. power MOS FET driving method
P.GND*1
8.
Setting of current limit
Note: 1. P.GND is a high-current (1 A maximum peak) ground pin connected to the totem-pole output circuit. GND is a low-current ground pin connected to the Vref voltage reference. Both pins must be grounded.
1. Sawtooth Oscillator (Triangle Wave) 1.1 Operation and Frequency Control The sawtooth wave is a voltage waveform from which the PWM pulses are created (See figure 1). The sawtooth oscillator operates as follows. A constant current I O determined by an external timing resistor RT is fed continuously to an external timing capacitor C T . When the CT pin voltage exceeds a comparator threshold voltage VTH, the comparator output opens a switching transistor, allowing a 3I O discharge current to flow from C T . When the CT pin voltage drops below a threshold voltage VTL, the comparator output closes the switching transistor, stopping the 3IO discharge. Repetition of these operations generates a sawtooth wave. The value of IO is 1.1 V/RT . The IO current mirror has a limited current capacity, so RT should be at least 5 k (IO 220 A). Internal resistances R A, RB, and R C set the peak and valley voltages VTH and V TL of the sawtooth waveform at approximately 1.6 V and 1.0 V.
6
HA16114P/PJ/FP/FPJ, HA16120FP/FPJ
The oscillator frequency f OSC can be calculated as follows.
fOSC = Here, t1 = t2 = 1 t1 + t2 + t3 CT x (VH - VL) 1.1 V/RT CT x (VH - VL) 3 x 1.1 V/RT
t3 0.8 s (comparator delay time) Since VH - VL = 0.6 V fOSC 1 (Hz) 0.73 x CT x RT + 0.8 (s)
At high frequencies the comparator delay causes the sawtooth wave to overshoot the 1.6 V threshold and undershoot the 1.0 V threshold, and changes the dead-band thresholds accordingly. Select constants by testing under implementation conditions.
3.2 V (Internal voltage) Current mirror CT charging IO Oscillator comparator 1.1 V 1:4 Discharg -ing 3I O RC RB Sync circuit RT CT IO External circuit VH = 1.6 V typ SYNC
Vref 2.5 V RA
t2 t1
VL = 1.0 V typ
t1 : t2 = 3 : 1
Figure 1.1 Equivalent Circuit of Oscillator
7
HA16114P/PJ/FP/FPJ, HA16120FP/FPJ
1.2 External Synchronization These ICs have a sync input pin so that they can be synchronized to a primary-control AC/DC converter. Pulses from the secondary winding of the switching transformer should be dropped through a resistor voltage divider to the sync input pin. Synchronization takes place at the falling edge, which is optimal for multiple-output power supplies that synchronize with a flyback AC/DC converter. The sync input pin (SYNC) is connected internally through a synchronizing circuit to the sawtooth oscillator to synchronize the sawtooth waveform (see figure 1.2). * * * * Synchronization is with the falling edge of the external sync signal. The frequency of the external sync signal must be in the range fOSC < fSYNC < fOSC x 2. The duty cycle of the external sync signal must be in the range 5% < t1/t 2 < 50% (t 1 = 300 ns Min). With external synchronization, VTH' can be calculated as follows.
VTH' = (VTH - VTL) x fOSC + VTL fSYNC
Note: When not using external synchronization, connect the SYNC pin to the Vref pin.
VTH (1.6 V typ) Sawtooth wave (fOSC) VTL (1.0 V typ) SYNC pin (f SYNC ) Synchronized at falling edge t1 t2 1V
VTH
Vref
Figure 1.2 External Synchronization
8
HA16114P/PJ/FP/FPJ, HA16120FP/FPJ
2. DC/DC Output Voltage Setting and Error Amplifier Usage 2.1 DC/DC Output Voltage Setting (1) Positive Output Voltage (VO > Vref)
HA16114 with step-down topology VIN IN(-) IN(+)
- +
HA16120 with step-down (boost) topology VIN IN(-) IN(+)
- +
CL EA GND
+ -
CL EA VO GND OUT
+ -
OUT VO
Vref
Vref
R2
R1 VO = Vref x R1 + R2 R2
R2
R1
Figure 2.1 Output Voltage Setting (1) (2) Negative Output Voltage (V O < 0 V)
HA16114 with inverting topology VIN
- +
CL EA OUT
IN(-) IN(+)
Vref R3 R4
- +
R2 VO = -Vref x
R1 R3 R1 + R2 x -1 R3 + R4 R2
Figure 2.2 Output Voltage Setting (2)
9
HA16114P/PJ/FP/FPJ, HA16120FP/FPJ
2.2 Error Amplifier Usage Figure 2.3 shows an equivalent circuit of the error amplifier. The error amplifier in these ICs is a simple NPN-transistor differential amplifier with a constant-current-driven output circuit. The amplifier combines a wide bandwidth (fT = 4 MHz) with a low open-loop gain (50 dB Typ), allowing stable feedback to be applied when the power supply is designed. Phase compensation is also easy.
IC internal VIN
IN(-) IN(+) 80 A 40 A
E/O To internal PWM comparator
Figure 2.3 Error Amplifier Equivalent Circuit 3. Dead-Band Duty Cycle and Soft-Start Settings 3.1 Dead-Band Duty Cycle Setting The dead-band duty cycle (the maximum duty cycle of the PWM pulse output) can be programmed by the voltage VDB at the DB pin. A convenient way to obtain VDB is to divide the IC's Vref output by two external resistors. The dead-band duty cycle (DB) and VDB can be calculated as follows.
VTH - VDB x 100 (%) This applies when VDB > VTL. VTH - VTL If VDB < VTL, there is no PWM output. R2 VDB = Vref x R1 + R2 DB =
Note: VDB is the voltage at the DB pin. VTH: 1.6 V (Typ) VTL: 1.0 V (Typ) Vref is typically 2.5 V. Select R1 and R2 so that 1.0 V VDB 1.6 V.
Sawtooth wave - DB E/O + + R2 from UVL Sawtooth wave PWM COMP VTH VDB VTL Dead band Note: VTH and VTL vary depending on the oscillator. Select constants by testing under implementation conditions.
To Vref R1 VDB
Voltage at DB pin
Figure 3.1 Dead-Band Duty Cycle Setting
10
HA16114P/PJ/FP/FPJ, HA16120FP/FPJ
3.2 Soft-Start Setting Soft-start avoids overshoot at power-up by widening the PWM output pulses gradually, so that the converted DC output rises slowly. Soft-start is programmed by connecting a capacitor between the DB pin and ground. The soft-start time is determined by the time constant of this capacitor and the resistors that set the voltage at the DB pin.
tsoft = -C1 x R x ln (1 - R= R1 x R2 R1 + R2 R2 R1 + R2 VX ) VDB
VDB = Vref x
Note: VX is the voltage at the DB pin after time t (VX < VDB).
Undervoltage lockout released Sawtooth To Vref wave - R1 VX DB + C1 R2 from UVL UVL sink transistor t Soft-start time tsoft E/O + PWM COMP V TH V DB V TL 1.0 V VX 1.6 V
Sawtooth wave
Figure 3.2 Soft-Start Setting 3.3 Quick Shutdown The quick shutdown function resets the voltages at all pins when the IC is turned off, to assure that PWM pulse output stops quickly. Since the UVL pull-down resistor in the IC remains on even when the IC is turned off, the sawtooth wave output, error amplifier output, and DB pin are all reset to low voltage. This feature helps in particular to discharge capacitor C 1 in figure 3.2, which has a comparatively large capacitance. In intermittent mode (explained on a separate page), this feature enables the IC to soft-start in each on-off cycle.
11
HA16114P/PJ/FP/FPJ, HA16120FP/FPJ
4. PWM Output Circuit and Power MOSFET Driving Method These ICs have built-in totem-pole push-pull drive circuits that can drive a power MOS FET as shown in figure 4.1. The power MOS FET can be driven directly through a gate protection resistor. If VIN exceeds the gate breakdown voltage of the power MOS FET additional protective measures should be taken, e.g. by adding Zener diodes as shown in figure 4.2. To drive a bipolar power transistor, the base should be protected by voltage and current dividing resistors as shown in figure 4.3.
VIN To CL Bias circuit OUT RG Gate protection resistor Totem-pole output circuit P.GND
Example: P-channel power MOSFET VO
Figure 4.1 Connection of Output Stage to Power MOS FET
VIN RG OUT GND DZ VO
Example: N-channel power MOSFET
Figure 4.2 Gate Protection by Zener Diodes
VIN OUT GND
Base current limiting resistor
VO
Base discharging resistor Example: NPN power transistor
Figure 4.3 Driving a Bipolar Power Transistor
12
HA16114P/PJ/FP/FPJ, HA16120FP/FPJ
5. Voltage Reference (Vref = 2.5 V) 5.1 Voltage Reference A bandgap reference built into the IC (see figure 5.1) outputs 2.5 V 50 mV. The sawtooth oscillator, PWM comparator, latch, and other internal circuits are powered by this 2.5 V and an internally-generated voltage of approximately 3.2 V. The voltage reference section shut downs when the IC is turned off at the ON/OFF pin as described later, saving current when the IC is not used and when it operates in intermittent mode during overcurrent.
VIN ON/OFF
- +
1.25 V Sub bandgap circuit 25 k 1.25 V 25 k Main bandgap circuit
3.2 V Vref 2.5 V ADJ
Figure 5.1 Vref Reference Circuit 5.2 Trimming the Reference Voltage (Vref and ADJ pins) Figure 5.2 shows a simplified circuit equivalent to figure 5.1. The ADJ pin in this circuit is provided for trimming the reference voltage (Vref). The output at the ADJ pin is a voltage V ADJ of 1.25 V (Typ) generated by the bandgap circuit. Vref is determined by VADJ and the ratio of internal resistors R1 and R2 as follows:
Vref = VADJ x R1 + R2 R2
The design values of R1 and R2 are 25 k with a tolerance of 25%. If trimming is not performed, the ADJ pin open can be left open.
VIN
Vref R1 ADJ R2
25 k (typ) 25 k (typ)
- + VBG (bandgap voltage) 1.25 V (typ)
Figure 5.2 Simplified Diagram of Voltage Reference Circuit
13
HA16114P/PJ/FP/FPJ, HA16120FP/FPJ
The relation between Vref and the ADJ pin enables Vref to be trimmed by inserting one external resistor (R3) between the Vref and ADJ pins and another (R 4) between the ADJ pin and ground, to change the resistance ratio. Vref is then determined by the combined resistance ratio of the internal R1 and R2 and external R3 and R4.
Vref = VADJ x RA + RB RB
Where, R A: parallel resistance of R1 and R3 R B: parallel resistance of R2 and R4 Although Vref can be trimmed by R3 or R 4 alone, to decrease the temperature dependence of Vref it is better to use two resistors having identical temperature coefficients. Vref can be trimmed in the range of 2.5 V 0.2 V. Outside this range, the bandgap circuit will not operate and the IC may shut down.
Vref R3 R4 ADJ R1 R2 RA = Internal resistors RB = R1 R3 R1 + R3 R2 R4 R2 + R4
External resistors
Figure 5.3 Trimming of Reference Voltage 5.3 Vref Undervoltage Lockout and Overvoltage Protection The undervoltage lockout (UVL) function turns off PWM pulse output when the input voltage (VIN) is low. In these ICs, this is done by monitoring the Vref voltage, which normally stays constant at approximately 2.5 V. The UVL circuit operates with hysteresis: it shuts PWM output off when Vref falls below 1.7 V, and turns PWM output back on when Vref rises above 2.0 V. Undervoltage lockout also provides protection in the event that Vref is shorted to ground. The overvoltage protection circuit shuts PWM output off when Vref goes above 6.8 V. This provides protection in case the Vref pin is shorted to VIN or another high-voltage source.
PWM output PWM output off PWM output on


PWM output off 1.7 2.0 2.5 5.0 6.8 10 Vref (V)
Figure 5.4 Vref Undervoltage Lockout and Overvoltage Protection
VIN (V typ) 3.6 V 3.3 V Description
UVL Voltage VH
Vref (V typ) 2.0 V 1.7 V
VIN increasing: UVL releases; PWM output starts
VL
VIN decreasing: undervoltage lockout; PWM output stops
14
HA16114P/PJ/FP/FPJ, HA16120FP/FPJ
6. Usage of ON/OFF Pin This pin is used for the following purposes: * To shut down the IC while its input power remains on (power management) * To externally alter the UVL release voltage * With the timer (TM) pin, to operate in intermittent mode during overcurrent (see next section) 6.1 Shutdown by ON/OFF Pin Control The IC can be shut down safely by bringing the voltage at the ON/OFF pin below about 0.7 V (the internal VBE value). This feature can be used in power supply systems to save power. When shut down, the HA16114 draws a maximum current (I OFF) of 10 A, while the HA16120 draws a maximum 150 A. The ON/OFF pin sinks 290 A (Typ) at 5 V, so it can be driven by TTL and other logic ICs. If intermittent mode will also be employed, use a logic IC with an open-collector or open-drain output.
IIN RA External logic IC Off On RB TM VIN To other circuitry To latch 10 k Switch CON/OFF
+ -
VIN
Q1
ON/OFF
Vref reference
Vref output
3V BE Q2 GND HA16114, HA16120 Q3 On/off hysteresis circuit
Figure 6.1 Shutdown by ON/OFF Pin Control 6.2 Adjustment of UVL Voltages (when not using intermittent mode) These ICs permit external adjustment of the undervoltage lockout voltages. The adjustment is made by changing the undervoltage lockout thresholds VTH and V TL relative to VIN, using the relationships shown in the accompanying diagrams. When the IC is powered up, transistor Q3 is off, so VON is 2VBE, or about 1.4 V. Connection of resistors RC and R D in the diagram makes undervoltage lockout release at:
VIN = 1.4 V x RC + RD RD
This VIN is the supply voltage at which undervoltage lockout is released. At the release point Vref is still below 2.5 V. To obtain Vref = 2.5 V, V IN must be at least about 4.3 V. Since V ON/OFF operates in relation to the base-emitter voltage of internal transistors, VON has a temperature coefficient of approximately -4 mV/C. Keep this in mind when designing the power supply unit. When undervoltage lockout and intermittent mode are both used, the intermittent-mode time constant is shortened, so the constants of external components may have to be altered.
15
HA16114P/PJ/FP/FPJ, HA16120FP/FPJ
I IN TM (open) ON/OFF 10 k RD 3V BE Q2 GND 3 2 Vref 1 0 VOFF 0.7 V 0 1 VON 1.4 V 2 3 VON/OFF 4 5 VIN To latch Q1 To other circuitry VIN
RC
Vref generation circuit Q3
Vref output
On/off hysteresis circuit
2.5 V VIN 4.5 V
Figure 6.2 Adjustment of UVL Voltages 7. Timing of Intermittent Mode during Overcurrent 7.1 Principle of Operation These ICs provide pulse-by-pulse overcurrent protection by sensing the current during each pulse and shutting off the pulse if overcurrent is detected. In addition, the TM and ON/OFF pins can be used to operate the IC in intermittent mode if the overcurrent state continues. A power supply with sharp settling characteristics can be designed in this way. Intermittent mode operates by making use of the hysteresis of the ON/OFF pin threshold voltages VON and VOFF (VON - VOFF = VBE ). The timing can be programmed as explained below. When not using intermittent mode, leave the TM pin open, and pull the ON/OFF pin up to VON or higher. The VBE is base emitter voltage of internal transistors.
VIN 390 k RA TM 2.2 k + 2.2 F - RB ON/OFF C ON/OFF Latch S Q R Vref reference Current limiter CL
Figure 7.1 Connection Diagram (example)
16
HA16114P/PJ/FP/FPJ, HA16120FP/FPJ
7.2 Intermittent Mode Timing Diagram (VON/OFF only)
3VBE*1 2VBE VBE 0V
" !

c c V ON/OFF On On IC is on a IC is off b T ON Off t 2TON TOFF a. Continuous overcurrent is detected b. Intermittent operation starts (IC is off) c. Voltage if overcurrent ends (thick dotted line) Note: 1. VBE is the base-emitter voltage of internal transistors, and is approximately 0.7 V. (See the figure 6.1.) For details, see the overall waveform timing diagram.
Figure 7.2 Intermittent Mode Timing Diagram (VON/OFF only)
7.3 Calculation of Intermittent Mode Timing Intermittent mode timing is calculated as follows. (1) TON (time until the IC shuts off when continuous overcurrent occurs)
TON = CON/OFF x RB x ln 2VBE VBE x 1 1 - On duty*
1 1 - On duty* 1 0.69 x CON/OFF x RB x 1 - On duty* = CON/OFF x RB x ln2 x
(2) TOFF (time from when the IC shuts off until it next turns on)
TOFF = CON/OFF x (RA + RB) x ln Where VBE 0.7 V VIN - VBE VIN - 2VBE
The greater the overload, the sooner the pulse-by-pulse current limiter operates, the smaller tON becomes, and from the first equation (1) above, the smaller TO N becomes. From the second equation (2), TOFF depends on VIN. Note that with the connections shown in the diagram, when VIN is switched on the IC does not turn on until TOFF has elapsed.
Sawtooth wave PWM output (In case of HA16114) t ON Dead-band voltage Point at which the current limiter operates t ON x 100 (%) T Where T = t/f OSC On duty =
T Note: On duty is the percent of time the IC output is on during one PWM cycle when the pulse-by-pulse current limiter is operating.
Figure 7.3
17
HA16114P/PJ/FP/FPJ, HA16120FP/FPJ
7.4 Examples of Intermittent Mode Timing (calculated values)
8
(1) TON TON = T1 x C ON/OFF x R B Here, coefficient T1 = 0.69 x 1 1 - On duty T1
6
4
from section 7.3 (1) previously. Example: If C ON/OFF = 2.2 F, R B = 2.2 k , and the on duty of the current limiter is 75%, then TON = 13 ms.
2
0
0
20
40
60
80
100
(PWM) On duty (%)
Figure 7.4 Examples of Intermittent Mode Timing (1)
(2) TOFF TOFF = T2 x C ON/OFF x (R A + R B) Here, coefficient T2 = ln VIN - VBE VIN - 2VBE T2 0.05 0.1
from section 7.3 (2) previously.
Example: If C ON/OFF = 2.2 F, R B = 2.2 k , RA = 390 k , VIN = 12 V, 0 then TOFF = 55 ms.
0
10
20 V IN (V)
30
40
Figure 7.5 Examples of Intermittent Mode Timing (2)
18
HA16114P/PJ/FP/FPJ, HA16120FP/FPJ
Sawtooth wave VCT Dead band VDB Error output VE/O PWM pulse output (In case of HA16120) Power MOS FET drain current (ID) (dotted line shows inductor current) VIN Current limiter pin (CL) VIN - 0.2 V IC Example of step-up circuit VIN CF RF CL OUT RCS Inductor L ID VOUT
F.B. Determined by L and VIN VTH (CL) Determined by RCS and RF
Figure 7.6 8. Setting the Overcurrent Detection Threshold The voltage drop VTH at which overcurrent is detected in these ICs is typically 0.2 V. The bias current is typically 200 A. The power MOS FET peak current value before the current limiter goes into operation is given as follows.
ID = VTH - (RF + RCS) x IBCL RCS
Where, VTH = VIN - VCL = 0.2 V, V CL is a voltage refered on GND. Note that RF and CF form a low-pass filter with a cutoff frequency determined by their RC time constant. This filter prevents incorrect operation due to current spikes when the power MOS FET is switched on or off.
VIN To other circuitry C F 1800 pF I BCL CL 1k 200 A
OUT
R CS 0.05
V IN
RF 240 G S D
+
Detector output (internal) IN(-)
-+
VO
-
Note: This circuit is an example for step-down use.
Figure 8.1 Example for Step-Down Use With the values shown in the diagram, the peak current is:
ID = 0.2 V - (240 + 0.05 ) x 200 A = 3.04 A 0.05
The filter cutoff frequency is calculated as follows:
fC = 1 1 = = 370 kHz 2 CF RF 6.28 x 1800 pF x 240
19
HA16114P/PJ/FP/FPJ, HA16120FP/FPJ
Absolute Maximum Ratings (Ta = 25C)
Rating Item Supply voltage Output current (DC) Output current (peak) Current limiter input voltage Error amplifier input voltage E/O input voltage RT source current TM sink current SYNC voltage SYNC current Power dissipation Operating temperature Junction temperature Storage temperature Note: Symbol VIN IO I O peak VCL VIEA VIE/O I RT I TM VSYNC I SYNC PT Topr TjMax Tstg HA16114P/FP, HA16120FP 40 0.1 1.0 VIN VIN Vref 500 3 Vref 250 680* *
1, 2
HA16114PJ/FPJ, HA16120FPJ 40 0.1 1.0 VIN VIN Vref 500 3 Vref 250 680* *
1, 2
Unit V A A V V V A mA V A mW C C C
-20 to +85 125 -55 to +125
-40 to +85 125 -55 to +125
1. This value is for an SOP package (FP) and is based on actual measurements on a 40 x 40 x 1.6 mm glass epoxy circuit board. With a 10% wiring density, this value is permissible up to Ta = 45C and should be derated by 8.3 mW/C at higher temperatures. With a 30% wiring density, this value is permissible up to Ta = 64C and should be derated by 11.1 mW/C at higher temperatures. 2. For the DILP package. This value applies up to Ta = 45C; at temperatures above this, 8.3 mW/C derating should be applied. 800 680 mW 600 447 mW 400 348 mW
Permissible dissipation PT (mW)
10% wiring density 30% wiring density
200
45C
64C
85C
125C
0 -20
0
20
40 60 80 100 Operating ambient temperature Ta (C)
120
140
20
HA16114P/PJ/FP/FPJ, HA16120FP/FPJ
Electrical Characteristics (Ta = 25C, VIN = 12 V, fOSC = 100 kHz)
Item Voltage reference section Output voltage Line regulation Load regulation Short-circuit output current Vref overvoltage protection threshold Temperature stability of output voltage Vref adjustment voltage Sawtooth oscillator section Maximum frequency Minimum frequency Frequency stability with input voltage Frequency stability with temperature Oscillator frequency Dead-band adjustment section Low level threshold voltage High level threshold voltage Threshold difference Symbol Vref Line Load I OS Vrovp Vref/Ta VADJ fmax fmin f/f 01 f/f 02 f OSC VTL VTH VTH Min 2.45 -- -- 10 6.2 -- Typ Max 2.50 2.55 2 30 24 60 60 -- Unit V mV mV mA V ppm/C Test Conditions I O = 1 mA 4.5 V V IN 40V 0 IO 10 mA Vref = 0 V 1 Notes
6.8 7.4 100 --
1.225 1.25 1.275 V 600 -- -- -- -- 1 5 -- 1 3 -- kHz Hz % 4.5 V V IN 40 V (f01 = (fmax + fmin)/2) -- 90 0.9 1.5 % kHz V V -20C Ta 85C (f02 = (fmax + fmin)/2) RT = 10 k CT = 1300 pF Output duty cycle: 0% on Output duty cycle: 100% on 0.5 170 0.9 1.5 0.5 0.6 0.7 250 330 1.0 1.1 1.6 1.7 0.6 0.7 V A V V V VTH = VTH - VTL DB pin: 0 V Output duty cycle: 0% on Output duty cycle: 100% on VTH = VTH - VTL
100 110 1.0 1.1 1.6 1.7
Output source current Isource PWM Low level threshold comparator voltage section High level threshold voltage Threshold difference Note: VTL VTH VTH
1. Resistors connected to ON/OFF pin: 10 VIN pin 390 k 12 TM pin 2 k 13 ON/OFF pin
21
HA16114P/PJ/FP/FPJ, HA16120FP/FPJ
Electrical Characteristics (Ta = 25C, VIN = 12 V, fOSC = 100 kHz) (cont)
Item Error amplifier section Symbol Min Input offset voltage VIO Input bias current IB -- -- 28 28 1.1 40 -- 3.5 -- Typ 2 0.5 40 40 -- 50 4 4.0 0.2 Max 10 2.0 52 52 3.7 -- -- -- 0.5 Unit mV A A A V dB MHz V V I O = 10 A I O = 10 A f = 10 kHz VO = 2.5 V VO = 1.0 V Test Conditions Notes
Output sink current I Osink Output source current I Osource
Common-mode VCM input voltage range Voltage gain Unity gain bandwidth High level output voltage Low level output voltage Overcurrent detection section Threshold voltage CL(-) bias current Turn-off time AV BW VOH VOL VTH I BCL(-) t OFF
VIN -0.22 VIN -0.2 VIN -0.18 V 140 -- 200 200 500 260 300 600 2.3 2.0 0.5 3.9 3.6 V V V V V VTH = VTH - VTL A ns CL(-) = VIN 1 2
UVL section Vref high level threshold voltage Vref low level threshold voltage Threshold difference VIN high level threshold voltage VIN low level threshold voltage Notes: 1. HA16114 only. 2. HA16120 only.
VTH VTL VTH VINH VINL
1.7 1.4 0.1 3.3 3.0
2.0 1.7 0.3 3.6 3.3
22
HA16114P/PJ/FP/FPJ, HA16120FP/FPJ
Electrical Characteristics (Ta = 25C, VIN = 12 V, fOSC = 100 kHz) (cont)
Item Symbol Min Output stage Output low voltage Output high voltage VOL VOH1 -- VIN -2.2 VIN -2.2 -- -- -- 120 f OSC Typ 0.9 VIN -1.6 VIN -1.6 0.9 50 50 180 -- Max 1.5 -- -- 1.5 200 200 240 f OSC x 2 Unit V V V V ns ns A kHz I Osink = 10 mA I Osource = 10 mA I Osource = 1 mA 1 ON/OFF pin: 0 V I Osink = 1 mA 2 ON/OFF pin: 0 V CL = 1000 pF CL = 1000 pF SYNC pin: 0 V Test Conditions Notes
High voltage when off VOH2 Low voltage when off Rise time Fall time External sync section SYNC source current Sync input frequency range External sync initiation voltage Minimum pulse width of sync input Input sync pulse duty cycle On/off section ON/OFF sink current 1 ON/OFF sink current 2 IC on threshold IC off threshold ON/OFF threshold difference Total device Operating current Quiescent current VOL2 tr tf I SYNC f SYNC VSYNC PWmin PW I ON/ OFF 1 I ON/ OFF 2 VON VOFF VON/OFF I IN I OFF
Vref -1.0 -- 300 5 60 220 1.1 0.4 0.5 6.0 0 -- -- -- 90 290 1.4 0.7 0.7 8.5 -- 120
Vref -0.5 V -- 50 120 380 1.7 1.0 0.9 11.0 10 150 ns % A A V V V mA A A CL = 1000 pF ON/OFF pin: 0 V 1 ON/OFF pin: 0 V 2 ON/OFF pin: 3 V ON/OFF pin: 5 V 3
Notes: 1. HA16114 only. 2. HA16120 only. 3. PW = t1 / t2 x 100 External sync pulse t1 t2
23
HA16114P/PJ/FP/FPJ, HA16120FP/FPJ
Characteristic Curves
Reference Voltage vs. Supply Voltage 4.0 Ta = 25C Reference Voltage vs. Ambient Temperature 2.54 VIN = 12 V 2.55 max
Reference voltage (V)
Reference voltage (V)
3.0
2.5V
2.52
2.0
2.50 SPEC 2.48
1.0
2.45 min 0.0 0 1 2 3 4
4.3V
5
40
2.46 -20
0
20
40
60
80
Supply voltage (V)
Ambient temperature (C)
1.5
High level threshold voltage of sawtooth wave (V)
Low level threshold voltage of sawtooth wave (V)
Low Level Threshold Voltage of Sawtooth Wave vs. Frequency 2.5 Ta = 25C V IN = 12 V 2.0 RT = 10 k
High Level Threshold Voltage of Sawtooth Wave vs. Frequency 2.5 Ta = 25C V IN = 12 V 2.0 RT = 10 k
1.5
1.0
1.0
0.5
0.5
0.0 100
200
300
400
500
600
0.0 100
200
300
400
500
600
Frequency (kHz)
Frequency (kHz)
24
HA16114P/PJ/FP/FPJ, HA16120FP/FPJ
Oscillator Frequency Change with Ambient Temperature (1) 10 10 Oscillator Frequency Change with Ambient Temperature (2)
Oscillator frequency change (%)
5
SPEC
Oscillator frequency change (%)
V IN = 12 V fOSC = 100 kHz
V IN = 12 V fOSC = 350 kHz 5
0
0
-5
-5
-10 -20
0
20
40
60
80
-10 -20
0
20
40
60
80
Ambient temperature (C)
Ambient temperature (C)
Error Amplifier Gain, Error Amplifier Phase vs. Error Amplifier Input Frequency 60
AVO 40 20 0 45 90
135 0 1k BW 3k 10 k 30 k 100 k 300 k 1M 3M 180 10 M
Error amplifier input frequency fIN (Hz)
Error amplifier phase (deg.)
Error amplifier gain AVO (dB)
25
HA16114P/PJ/FP/FPJ, HA16120FP/FPJ
Error Amplifier Voltage Gain vs. Ambient Temperature 60 VIN = 12 V f = 10 kHz 55 Current Limiter Turn-Off Time vs. Current Limiter Threshold Voltage Note 500 * HA16114 Ta = 25C V IN = 12 V CL = 1000 pF
Error amplifier voltage gain (dB)
Current limiter turn-off time (ns)
400
50
50 dB typ
300
300 ns max
45
200
40 dB min 40 -20 0 20 40 60 Ambient temperature (C) 80 100 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 CL voltage VIN-VCL (V) Note: Approximatery 300 ns greater than this in the case of the HA16120. Current Limiter Turn-Off Time vs. Ambient Temperature Note * HA16114 300 ns max
0.22 Current limiter threshold voltage (V)
Current Limiter Threshold Voltage vs. Ambient Temperature VIN = 12 V 0.22 max Current limiter turn-off time (ns)
300
0.21
250
0.20
200 200 ns typ V IN = 12 V V CL = VTH - 0.3 V C L = 1000 pF
0.19
150
0.18 min 0.18 -20 0 20 40 60 Ambient temperature (C) 80 100 -20 0 20 40 60 80 Ambient temperature (C) Note: Approximatery 300 ns greater than this in the case of the HA16120.
26
HA16114P/PJ/FP/FPJ, HA16120FP/FPJ
Reference Voltage vs. IC On/Off Voltages 5.0 Ta = 25C V IN = 12 V 4.0 Reference voltage (V) IC on/off voltage (V) IC off voltage IC on voltage IC On/Off Voltages vs. Ambient Temperature 2.0 V IN = 12 V fOSC = 100 kHz 1.5 SPEC IC on voltage 1.0
3.0
SPEC IC off voltage
2.0
SPEC
SPEC
0.5
1.0
0.0
0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
0.0 -20
0
20
40
60
80
IC on/off voltage (V)
Ambient temperature (C)
Peak output current (mA)
400 300 200 100 0
Operating current (mA)
Peak Output Current vs. Load Capacitance 600 Ta = 25C V IN = 12 V 500 f OSC = 100 kHz
Operating Current vs. Supply Voltage 20 Ta = 25C f OSC = 100 kHz On duty = 50% C L = 1000 pF SPEC
15
10
5
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
0
0
10
20
30
40
Load capacitance (pF)
Supply voltage (V)
27
HA16114P/PJ/FP/FPJ, HA16120FP/FPJ
Operating Current vs. Output Duty Cycle 20 Ta = 25C V IN = 12 V f OSC = 100 kHz C L = 1000 pF SPEC 10
Operating current (mA)
15
5
0
0
20
40
60
80
100
Output duty cycle (%)
PWM Comparator Input vs. Output Duty Cycle (1) 100 * HA16114 80 ON duty (%)
PWM Comparator Input vs. Output Duty Cycle (2) 100 * HA16120 80 ON duty (%)
60
60 fOSC 600 kHz 40 300 kHz 50 kHz
40
fOSC 600 kHz
50 kHz 20
20 300 kHz 0 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8
0 0.6
0.8
1.0
1.2
1.4
1.6
1.8
VDB or VE/O (V) Note: The on-duty of the HA16114 is the proportion of one cycle during which output is low.
VDB or VE/O (V) Note: The on-duty of the HA16120 is the proportion of one cycle during which output is high.
28
HA16114P/PJ/FP/FPJ, HA16120FP/FPJ
Output pin (Output Resistor) Characteristics 12 * HA16114 Output high voltage 11 when on Output voltage VO (VDC) 10 9 * HA16120 Output low voltage when on Output low voltage when off 0 2 4 6 8 10 Output high voltage when off
VGS (P-channel Power MOS FET)
3 2 1 0
VGS (N-channel Power MOS FET)
Io sink or Io source (mA)
29
HA16114P/PJ/FP/FPJ, HA16120FP/FPJ
Output Waveforms: Rise of Output Voltage VOUT 15 10 VOUT (V) 5 0 400 200 IO (mA) 10 k 0 -200 -400
200 ns/div
Vref DB
CL(-) VIN OUT CL 1000 pF IO
IN(+) RT
CT 1300 pF
Test Circuit
Output Waveforms: Fall of Output Voltage VOUT 15 10 VOUT (V) 5 0 400 200 IO (mA) 10 k 0 -200 -400
200 ns/div
Vref DB
CL(-) VIN OUT CL 1000 pF IO
IN(+) RT
CT 1300 pF
Test Circuit
30
HA16114P/PJ/FP/FPJ, HA16120FP/FPJ
Oscillator Frequency vs. Timing Capacitance
1000
100
RT = 3k RT = 10k RT = 30k
Oscillator frequency f OSC (kHz)
10
RT = 100k RT = 300k RT = 1M
1
0.1 101
102
103
104
105
106
Timing capacitance C T (pF)
31
32 390 k 50m Overcurrent sense resistor 2k 220
+
* 12 VDC to 5 VDC Step-Down Converter Using HA16114FP
Timing circuit for intermittent mode during overcurrent
Dead-band and soft-start circuit
2
-
1
Low on-resistance P-channel power MOSFET Example: 2SJ214, 2SJ296
1800p
GDS
Application Examples (1)
-
+
4.7
5D
High-saturation-current choke coil Example: Toko 8R-HB Series
2
+
15 k
10 k
5.6 (gate protection resistor)
47H
+
+
-
0.1
16
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
12 V DC input -
Vref
ADJ
DB ON/OFF TM
CL(-)
VIN
OUT
SBD
+
-
HA16114FP
HA16114P/PJ/FP/FPJ, HA16120FP/FPJ
5B 470 35 V (noiseabsorbing capacitor) 3 HRP24
Low-ESR capacitor 560 12V 4
5 V DC steppeddown output
GND SYNC
RT
CT
IN(-)
E/O
IN(+) P.GND
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
5C Ground strip
0.22 (noiseabsorbing capacitor)
-
470p
Power ground
5A
10k
560p
130k
5k
5k
!
Feedback Units: C : F R: 5 Noise countermeasures: 5A Separate the power ground from the small-signal ground, and connect both at one point. 5B Add noise-absorbing capacitors. 5C Ground the bottom of the package with a ground strip. 5D Make the output-to-gate wiring as short as possible.
5A
Small-signal ground
Specific tips for high efficiency (see the numbers in the diagram)
1 2 3 4
Use a switching element (power MOS FET) with low on-resistance. Use an inductor with low DC resistance. Use a Schottky barrier diode (SBD) with low VF. Use a low-ESR capacitor designed for switching power supplies.
HA16114P/PJ/FP/FPJ, HA16120FP/FPJ
Application Examples (2)
* External Synchronization with Primary-Control AC/DC Converter (1) Combination with a flyback AC/DC converter (simplified schematic) HRA83 Commercial AC
+ -
Transformer 1S2076A 1S2076A
+
HRP24 + SBD
+ -
D R1 R2
Main DC output -
Error amp.
- +
VIN OUT CL(CS) 2 SYNC VIN 10 HA16114, HA16120 CL 11 GND OUT P.GND 1 9 8
Primary AC/DC converter IC (HA16107, HA17384, etc.)
To A of SBD 2SJ296 + Step-down output (HA16114) K A SBD HRP24
+ -
Sub DC output -
This is one example of a circuit that uses the features of the HA16114/120 by operating in synchronization with a flyback AC/DC converter. Note the following design points concerning the circuit from the secondary side of the transformer to the SYNC pin of the HA16114/120. * Diode D prevents reverse current. Always insert a diode here. Use a general-purpose switching diode. * Resistors R1 and R2 form a voltage divider to ensure that the input voltage swing at the SYNC pin does not exceed Vref (2.5 V). To maintain operating speed, R1 + R2 should not exceed 10 k.
33
HA16114P/PJ/FP/FPJ, HA16120FP/FPJ
Application Examples (3)
* External Synchronization with Primary-Control AC/DC Converter (cont.) (2) Combination with a forward AC/DC converter (simplified schematic)
DFG1C8 D Input HRW26F HA17431 and optocoupler +
C A B
SBD module
Feedback section
Main DC output -
HA16107, HA16666 etc.
FB 2SC458 R3 390 2 Q R2 510 VIN 10 9 Other parts as on previous page
Switching transformer Coil Coil Coil Coil A B C D Primary, for main Secondary, for output Tertiary, for IC For reset
R1
6.2k
SYNC VIN HA16114, HA16120 OUT ZD GND 1
This circuit illustrates the combination of the HA16114/120 with a forward AC/DC converter. The HA16114/120 synchronizes with the falling edge of the external sync signal, so with a forward transformer, the sync pulses must be inverted. In the diagram, this is done by an external circuit consisting of the following components: * Q: Transistor for inverting the pulses. Use a small-signal transistor. * R1 and R2: These resistors form a voltage divider for driving the base of transistor Q. R2 also provides a path for base discharge, so that the transistor can turn off quickly. * R 3: Load resistor for transistor Q. Zener diode for protecting the SYNC pin. * ZD:
34
HA16114P/PJ/FP/FPJ, HA16120FP/FPJ
Overall Waveform Timing Diagram (for Application Example (1))
12 V VIN 0V 2.1 V 1.4 V VTM , VON/OFF 1.4 V 0.7 V
VTM , VON/OFF 0.0 V
On (V) 3.0 VE/O Off 2.0 VE/O, VCT, VDB 1.0 VDB 0.0 VCL 12 V 11.8 V 0V Pulse-by-pulse current limiting VOUT *1 12 V PWM pulse 0 V DC/DC output (example for positive voltage) VCT sawtooth wave Off On On On Off Off Off On
Soft start IC operation status Power-up IC on
Steady state
Overcurrent detected; intermittent operation
Overcurrent Quick subsides; shutdown steady-state operation Power supply off, IC off
Note: 1. This PWM pulse is on the step-down/inverting control channel (HA16114). The booster control channel (HA16120) output consists of alternating L and H of the IC on cycle.
35
HA16114P/PJ/FP/FPJ, HA16120FP/FPJ
Application Examples (4) (Some Pointers on Use)
1. Inductor, Power MOS FET, and Diode Connections
1. Step-up topology V IN CF V IN CL VO OUT GND FB GND FB RF RCS Applicable only to HA16120 2. Step-down topology V IN CF V IN CL OUT VO RF RCS Applicable only to HA16114
3. Inverting topology CF V IN CL OUT VO GND FB Vref RF
4. Step-down/step-up (buck-boost) topology CF V IN CL OUT RF
RCS
Applicable only to HA16114
RCS
Applicable only to HA16114
GND FB
2. Turning Output On and Off while the IC is On
To turn only one channel off, ground the DB pin or the E/O pin. In the case of E/O, however, there will be no soft start when the output is turned back on. DB
E/O OFF
36
HA16114P/PJ/FP/FPJ, HA16120FP/FPJ
Package Dimensions
Unit: mm
19.20 20.00 Max 16 9
7.40 Max 6.30
1 1.3
1.11 Max
8
0.51 Min
2.54 Min 5.06 Max
7.62
2.54 0.25
0.48 0.10
0.25 - 0.05 0 - 15
Hitachi Code JEDEC EIAJ Mass (reference value)
+ 0.13
DP-16 Conforms Conforms 1.07 g
Unit: mm
10.06 10.5 Max 16 9
5.5
1
*0.22 0.05 0.20 0.04
8 0.80 Max
2.20 Max
0.20 7.80 + 0.30 -
1.15 0 - 8 0.70 0.20
1.27 *0.42 0.08 0.40 0.06
0.12 M
Hitachi Code JEDEC EIAJ Mass (reference value) FP-16DA -- Conforms 0.24 g
*Dimension including the plating thickness Base material dimension
0.10 0.10
0.15
37
HA16114P/PJ/FP/FPJ, HA16120FP/FPJ
Cautions
1. Hitachi neither warrants nor grants licenses of any rights of Hitachi's or any third party's patent, copyright, trademark, or other intellectual property rights for information contained in this document. Hitachi bears no responsibility for problems that may arise with third party's rights, including intellectual property rights, in connection with use of the information contained in this document. 2. Products and product specifications may be subject to change without notice. Confirm that you have received the latest product standards or specifications before final design, purchase or use. 3. Hitachi makes every attempt to ensure that its products are of high quality and reliability. However, contact Hitachi's sales office before using the product in an application that demands especially high quality and reliability or where its failure or malfunction may directly threaten human life or cause risk of bodily injury, such as aerospace, aeronautics, nuclear power, combustion control, transportation, traffic, safety equipment or medical equipment for life support. 4. Design your application so that the product is used within the ranges guaranteed by Hitachi particularly for maximum rating, operating supply voltage range, heat radiation characteristics, installation conditions and other characteristics. Hitachi bears no responsibility for failure or damage when used beyond the guaranteed ranges. Even within the guaranteed ranges, consider normally foreseeable failure rates or failure modes in semiconductor devices and employ systemic measures such as failsafes, so that the equipment incorporating Hitachi product does not cause bodily injury, fire or other consequential damage due to operation of the Hitachi product. 5. This product is not designed to be radiation resistant. 6. No one is permitted to reproduce or duplicate, in any form, the whole or part of this document without written approval from Hitachi. 7. Contact Hitachi's sales office for any questions regarding this document or Hitachi semiconductor products.
Hitachi, Ltd.
Semiconductor & Integrated Circuits. Nippon Bldg., 2-6-2, Ohte-machi, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 100-0004, Japan Tel: Tokyo (03) 3270-2111 Fax: (03) 3270-5109
URL
NorthAmerica : http:semiconductor.hitachi.com/ Europe : http://www.hitachi-eu.com/hel/ecg Asia (Singapore) : http://www.has.hitachi.com.sg/grp3/sicd/index.htm Asia (Taiwan) : http://www.hitachi.com.tw/E/Product/SICD_Frame.htm Asia (HongKong) : http://www.hitachi.com.hk/eng/bo/grp3/index.htm Japan : http://www.hitachi.co.jp/Sicd/indx.htm For further information write to:
Hitachi Semiconductor (America) Inc. 179 East Tasman Drive, San Jose,CA 95134 Tel: <1> (408) 433-1990 Fax: <1>(408) 433-0223 Hitachi Europe GmbH Electronic components Group Dornacher Strae 3 D-85622 Feldkirchen, Munich Germany Tel: <49> (89) 9 9180-0 Fax: <49> (89) 9 29 30 00 Hitachi Europe Ltd. Electronic Components Group. Whitebrook Park Lower Cookham Road Maidenhead Berkshire SL6 8YA, United Kingdom Tel: <44> (1628) 585000 Fax: <44> (1628) 778322 Hitachi Asia Pte. Ltd. 16 Collyer Quay #20-00 Hitachi Tower Singapore 049318 Tel: 535-2100 Fax: 535-1533 Hitachi Asia Ltd. Taipei Branch Office 3F, Hung Kuo Building. No.167, Tun-Hwa North Road, Taipei (105) Tel: <886> (2) 2718-3666 Fax: <886> (2) 2718-8180 Hitachi Asia (Hong Kong) Ltd. Group III (Electronic Components) 7/F., North Tower, World Finance Centre, Harbour City, Canton Road, Tsim Sha Tsui, Kowloon, Hong Kong Tel: <852> (2) 735 9218 Fax: <852> (2) 730 0281 Telex: 40815 HITEC HX
Copyright ' Hitachi, Ltd., 1998. All rights reserved. Printed in Japan.
38


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